Saturday, March 26, 2011

Start paying for war - The Washington Post

Start paying for war - The Washington Post

Buying cool new shoes with a credit card may not be all that wise, especially if you don't pay the card off every month, but at least you have the shoes while you are paying them off. Tomahawk missiles are different.The Navy stocks up on missiles over time, paying for them out of current budget. This means that a president can use Tomahawks without any impact on current spending. Replacing the inventory will be done over time, maybe even by a later administration. Sending troops, on the other hand, is like buying shoes with a credit card. By the time you have to pay the bill you already know whether buying the shoes was a good idea or not, but you have to pay even if the shoes don't fit.

The intervention in Libya takes advantage of these economic facts of life. The submarines with Tomahawks are already loitering around the Mediterranean. The missiles were paid for by one of the presidents Bush, or maybe even Reagan.Firing off 122 of the missiles has no current financial impact.

Guarding a no-fly zone does cost current dollars. The fuel and additional spare parts required by an increase in flight time come out of the current budget. Most costly of all, in current budget terms, is sending ground troops. US troops in Afghanistan cost about $1 million each per year.

Ezra Klein suggests that pay-as-you-go war would be better. If I want to fire a missile, I must first add revenue or cut some other expense to pay for it. This sounds reasonable to me. Lots of planning had to go into firing those Tomahawks at Libya. There's no reason that White House staff couldn't also be identifying the new revenue sources or cuts necessary to pay for them at the same time. To make it more true to life a president sending troops into harm's way should also budget the death benefits and medical care necessary for those who are injured and pay that amount out of current income. The military plans ahead to preposition body bags, so prepositioning the money necessary to fill them shouldn't be too difficult.

What military operation could survive having to do a cost-benefit analysis prior to engaging in it? Who would have thought that invading Afghanistan and then Iraq was a good idea if they had to pay for it up front? The National Priorities Project estimates the cost of wars since 2001 at $1.171 trillion. There are about 311 million Americans. That mans each American has paid something like $376 per year for the last ten years just for those wars. The Tax Policy Center says 47% pay no income tax, so double the amount if you are someone who does pay. This means the bill for a tax paying family of four has been $3,008 a year for the last ten years just for these wars.

Pay as you go wars would be a good way to help presidents think before they launch.

Sunday, March 13, 2011

Infographic: Tax Breaks vs. Budget Cuts

Infographic: Tax Breaks vs. Budget Cuts

This chart has been making the rounds under various headings generally labeled "class warfare." It compares the cost of federal social programs at risk of being cut with some of the latest tax breaks for the wealthy. The reasonable take-away from the chart is that by eliminating these tax cuts we could pay for the social programs. The chart includes early childhood prorgams, low income housing programs, supplemental nutrition (WIC), teacher traing and after school programs, job training for unemployed and new workers, low income home energy assistance, community health centers, legal services for the poor and family planning services. The total tab for all these programs is $44 billion.

Assuming that these are all good programs that offer excellent bang for the buck, I am left with a nagging question: why are these federal government programs in the first place?

At best the federal government adds another layer of bureaucracy to the distribution of the money. At worst it demands that money be spent in ways that local people disagree with. Caring for people who are unable to care for themselves is an inherently local task. No one in Washington, DC can hand food to someone in Fresno. Unfortunately, paying for the care may well be beyond the ability of localities that need it most. Larger clusters of people need to be organized to provide assistance. This means that regional or even state-wide organizations may need to help hard hit areas. Some events, like the gulf oil spill, may even require coordination at the national level.

None of the programs in the infographic are designed to provide disaster assistance. They are for chronic problems that must be sustainably addressed at the local level. Local agencies spend much energy chasing the next federal grant and never know whether the staff will have jobs at the end of the current grant. This cycle has implications of many kinds for local organizations, none of them good for those in need.

Let the federal government work with matters that require interstate coordination, and let local people manage local needs with money that would otherwise go to federal coffers. Fresno's per capita share of the $44 billion is about $70 million. Maybe some of the money would even get to groups doing the best work, instead of the best grant writing.

Thursday, January 27, 2011

Saturday, January 22, 2011

Hospira to Stop Making Lethal-Injection Drug - WSJ.com

Hospira to Stop Making Lethal-Injection Drug - WSJ.com

Say what you will about pharmaceutical companies, they get that being associated with the death penalty is a bad thing. 105 countries have abolished the death penalty by law or practice. The United States is one of the few places where one can find an active pro-death penalty group. This is a big change in the last fifty years.

There are many reasons proposed for this shift in international public opinion. Many of the reasons behind this shift can be explored at http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/. In some countries the death penalty was abolished as part of undoing a history of oppression. When a new order comes to power vestiges of the old order are swept away. Others have realized that killing people who kill people does not teach that we shouldn't kill people. In this new age of DNA evidence we are also discovering that innocent people get convicted more often than was once thought. 

The economic argument that the death penalty saves money has long been untrue in the US. Even when executions are being done it takes many years for an individual to be executed. California is spending over $100 million a year to house over 700 death row inmates in single cells. Interestingly, there are about as many people on death row in California as have ever been executed in California.

As one US Supreme Court justice famously said, "death is different." It is permanent. There is no undo button. When you add years of incarceration with a death sentence hanging over the inmate's head it is also uniquely brutal. While some would argue that the brutality is appropriate, that group keeps shrinking as a proportion of the population.

Some ask why the death penalty is a big deal to anyone, given the number of violent deaths we hear about every day, and the American penchant for military adventures. More Americans have been killed in Iraq and Afghanistan in the last 10 years than are on death row (3,291 in 2009). The difference is in the individualized premeditation of the death penalty. Soldiers are killed in war zones, but it isn't personal. Soldiers kill in war zones, but they rarely set out to kill the individuals they end up killing. The death penalty requires a long, individualized process of officially deciding to kill a particular person. That makes it more horrifying.

Isn't it time for the US to get with the trajectory of human development?